大陆岩石圈与软流圈之间的耦合关系—大陆动力学研究的突破口     

马昌前 《地学前缘》1995,2(2):0-0

板块构造学说解释了全球构造的许多现象,但尚未满意地解释大陆构造中的一些问题,例如陆内造山带的形成、造山带和盆地形成的复杂历史和旋回性问题、大陆构造圈的不均一性等。新近提出的一些构造模式,都不约而同地指出了软流圈在大陆构造发展中的重要作用,但尚未成功解决软流圈运动的驱动力问题。本文认为,大陆岩石圈与软流圈之间相互作用关系的深入研究,是阐明大陆动力学过程的关键之一。此外,本文还对“软流体振荡作用”工作假说作了初步讨论。  相似文献   

从深部背景看燕山陆内造山作用的主因     

邵济安 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2190-2199

中生代华北燕山造山带是陆内造山作用的典型,但长期来对造山作用的动力学机制存在多种分歧观点。本文尝试将岩石圈不同深度的构造整合在一起,探索陆内造山作用的主因。本文拟从燕山带中生代构造运动的基本特征入手,选择集宁-承德基底岩石圈断裂带作为先存构造薄弱带,结合不同深度层次的地质作用:①地表的断陷盆地及其火山-沉积岩建造;②断块构造的差异隆升;③固态流变和地热活动;④幔源或者壳幔混溶的火山岩,论证先存构造薄弱带的活化现象。在此基础上,通过幔源熔-流体的交代作用讨论了岩石圈强度的弱化,结合岩石圈结构的层析成像研究,得到初步结论:地幔底辟体上涌是华北克拉通中生代构造活化的重要背景。不排除不同板块间相互作用的影响。最后,从与国外典型的陆内造山带的对比中,进一步认识到:深部地幔物质上涌和上部岩石圈物质的均衡调整,是陆内造山与陆缘造山的本质区别。  相似文献   

High-precision geochronology of Mesozoic magmatism in Macao,Southeast China:Evidence for multistage granite emplacement     

Pedro Quelhas  Agata Alveirinho Dias  Joao Mata  Donald Wayne Davis  Maria Luísa Ribeiro 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):243-263

Six new high precision U-Pb zircon ID-TIMS ages plus thirteen in situ high spatial resolution U-Pb zircon LA-MC-ICPMS ages are reported from Jurassic plutonic(metaluminous to weakly peraluminous biotite granites)and Jurassic to Cretaceous hypabyssal(dacites)rocks from Macao.Despite its relatively small area(~30 km^2),the new ages tightly constrain the Macao granitic magmatism to two periods ranging from 164.5±0.6 Ma to 162.9±0.7 Ma and 156.6±0.2 Ma to 155.5±0.8 Ma,separated by ca.6 Ma.Inherited zircons point to the existence of a basement with ages up to Paleo-Proterozoic and late Archean in the region.In addition,younger dacitic rocks were dated at 150.6±0.6 Ma and<120 Ma.U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock REE data of Macao granites indicate that the first pulse is also represented in Hong Kong and Southeast(SE)China,while magmatism with the chemical characteristics of the second pulse seems to not be represented outside Macao.The two granitic magmatic pulses have distinct mineralogical and geochemical features that support their discrete nature rather than a continuum of comagmatic activity and suggest that the Macao granitic suite was incrementally assembled during a period of ca.9 Ma,a hypothesis also extendable to the neighboring Hong Kong region for a time lapse of ca.24 Ma.In Macao,the transition from granitic magmatism(Middle to Upper Jurassic)to the younger dacite dykes(Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous)most likely corresponds to a change in the regional tectonic setting,from an extensional regime related with foundering of the subducting paleoPacific plate during the Early Yanshanian period to the reestablishment of a normal subduction system in SE China during the Late Yanshanian period.  相似文献   

P–T–t–D records of Early Palaeozoic Andean-type shortening of a hot active margin: The Dunhuang block in NW China     

Jérémie Soldner  Pavla Štípská  Karel Schulmann  Chao Yuan  Robert Anczkiewicz  Yingde Jiang  Marta Koziarska  Le Zhang  Yunying Zhang  Xinyu Wang 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2023,41(1):59-96

High-pressure (HP) granulites form either in the domain of the subducted plate during continental collision or in supra-subduction systems where the thermally softened upper plate is shortened and thickened. Such a discrepancy in tectonic setting can be evaluated by metamorphic pressure–temperature–time-deformation (P–T–t–D) paths. In the current study, P–T–t–D paths of Early Palaeozoic HP granulite facies rocks, in the form of metabasic lenses enclosed in migmatitic metapelite, from the Dunhuang block, NW China, are investigated in order to constrain the nature of the HP rocks and shed light on the geodynamic evolution of a modern hot orogenic system in an active margin setting. The rocks show a polyphase evolution characterized by (1) relics of horizontal or gently dipping fabric (S1) preserved in cores of granulite lenses and in garnet porphyroblasts, (2) a N-S trending sub-vertical fabric (S2) preserved in low-strain domains and (3) upright folds (F3) associated with a ubiquitous steep E-W striking axial planar foliation (S3). Garnet in the granulites preserves relics of a prograde mineral assemblage M1a equilibrated at ~11.5 kbar and ~770–780°C, whereas the matrix granulite assemblage (M1b) from the S1 fabric attained peak pressure at ~13.5 kbar and ~850°C. The granulites were overprinted at ~8–11 kbar and ~850–900°C during crustal melting (M2) followed by partial re-equilibration (M3) at ~8 kbar and ~625°C. A garnet Lu–Hf age of 421.6 ± 1.2 Ma dates metamorphism M1, while a garnet Sm–Nd age of 385.3 ± 4.0 Ma reflects M3 cooling of the granulites. The mineral assemblage, M1, of the host migmatitic metapelite formed at ~9–12.5 kbar and ~760–810°C, partial melting and migmatization (M2) occurred at ~7 kbar and ~760°C and re-equilibration (M3) at ~5–6 kbar and ~675°C. A garnet Lu–Hf age of 409.7 ± 2.3 Ma dates thermal climax (M2) and a garnet Sm–Nd age of 356 ± 11 Ma constrains M3 for the migmatitic metapelites. The timing of this late phase is also bracketed by an emplacement age of syntectonic granite dated at c. 360 Ma. Decoupling of M1 and M2 P–T evolutions between the mafic granulites and migmatitic metapelites indicates their different positions in the crustal column, while the shared pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution M3 suggests formation of a mélange-like association during the late stages of orogeny. The high-pressure event D1-M1 is interpreted as a result of Late Silurian–Early Devonian moderate crustal thickening of a thermally softened and thinned pre-orogenic crust. The high-temperature (HT) re-equilibration D2-M2 is interpreted as a result of Mid-Devonian shortening of the previously thickened crust, possibly due to ‘Andean-type’ underthrusting. The D3-M3 event reflects Late Devonian supra-subduction shortening and continuous erosion of the sub-crustal lithosphere. This tectono-metamorphic sequence of events is explained by polyphased Andean-type deformation of a ‘Cascadia-type’ active margin, which corresponds to a supra-subduction tectonic switching paradigm.  相似文献   

义敦岛弧带弧后区板内岩浆作用的时代及意义   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

曲晓明侯增谦  唐绍华 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(2):131-137

通过对义敦岛弧夏囊沟一带酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学和Rb-Sr同位素研究,首次在该岛弧弧后区确立了一条板内火山岩带.这些火山岩属钾玄岩系列,以高K2O,低CaO,富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,贫Sr、Eu为特点,具标准的"V"型稀土元素配分型式,构造环境判别图解显示其形成于板内裂陷环境.由4个全岩样品给出的Rb-Sr等时线年龄t=189.2±5.0 Ma,相关系数R=0.999?824,ISr=0.714?578.认为火山岩的成分分异受斜长石在岩浆源区熔融残留和岩浆形成后黑云母的结晶分离双重控制.位于该带东侧弧后扩张盆地中的晚三叠世勉戈组双峰火山岩的形成年龄为213.1 Ma,说明该岛弧仅仅在24 Ma左右时限内就完成了从俯冲造弧到板内裂陷的重大转换,由此可对该岛弧带的碰撞造山过程和演化时序做出精确约束.  相似文献   

铀成矿机理的统一性探讨     

伍皓  熊树银  夏彧  周恳恳  梁薇  李炼鹏  雷星 《沉积与特提斯地质》2023,43(1):59-76

为探讨不同类型铀矿床是否可能本质上都是地幔柱作用的产物，在“全球热液铀矿成因理论”和“热点铀成矿理论”等前人研究基础之上，结合岩浆岩锆石铀、钍含量研究初步揭示了：（1）铀、钍主要富集于外地核；（2）洋岛玄武岩、板内玄武岩、高分异花岗岩及伟晶岩型铀矿可能为地幔柱产物。对比国内多种类型铀矿床科研成果，总结发现有一定数量的铀矿床与洋岛玄武岩、板内玄武岩、A型花岗岩以及高分异花岗岩紧密伴生，成矿与成岩时空基本耦合。如四川攀枝花大田混合岩型铀矿和松辽盆地钱家店–白兴吐砂岩型铀矿伴生两类玄武岩；甘肃芨岭钠交代型铀矿和陕西商丹伟晶岩型铀矿区伴生两类花岗岩；粤北诸广–贵东花岗岩型铀矿区、赣南多类型铀矿区和江西相山、新疆白杨河火山岩型铀矿区伴生以上四类岩石类型。分析认为上述岩石类型可能是由地幔柱生成并起着导矿或导矿兼储矿的关键作用，据此提出铀矿“核源–地幔柱”成因认识，即：外地核是铀元素的主要发源地，地幔柱是铀运移的统一通道，铀成矿过程可能是外地核中的金属铀呈铀氢化物或铀合金氢化物等形式沿地幔柱上升迁移，直至在浅部地质体氧化聚集成固态铀矿物的过程。  相似文献